Europe’s airlines are cutting costs. But are they built for permanent disruption?

At the CAPA Airline Leader Summit in Berlin this April, the framing from the room was clear and unsentimental. Disruption is no longer occasional. Volatility is now embedded in daily operations and long-term planning.

Six years after the pandemic, the industry is no longer recovering back to a stable baseline. Every time the industry has looked for a return to stable, predictable operations, the next shock has arrived.